Solvent-Free and Additive-Free Nitration of Arenes

University of Arizona researchers have developed a novel, one-step, catalyst-free, and solvent-free synthetic process for the nitration of aromatic compounds. This method has been used to prepare 2,4-dinitroanisole, an alternative to trinitrotoluene (TNT), as an ingredient in melt-cast explosive formulations; and dinitrophenyl ethers. This synthetic process can be utilized to produce a variety of nitroaromatic compounds in a fast, straightforward, and more economical fashion than traditional chemical methods.

Background:
Traditional synthetic nitration methods often employ catalysts, solvents, or other additives that are harmful to the environment and/or expensive. This synthetic process overcomes these issues by allowing the nitration of various aromatic compounds in a catalyst-free and solvent-free fashion.

Applications:  

• Explosives for mining, construction or military purposes
• Metabolic disease therapeutics
• Fermentation process aid
• Herbicides

Advantages:  

• Requires only one step
• Maintains a highly selective process
• Does not require the use of a solvent, therefore reducing cost
• Does not require the use of expensive, harsh, or toxic catalysts
• Exhibits increased efficiency over other reported methodologies
• Retains a broad reaction scope