Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing with Free Form Fabrication

NU 2020-123

INVENTORS
Cheng Sun*
Jigang Huang

ABSTRACT
3D printing, formally known as additive manufacturing, creates complex geometries via layer-by-layer addition of materials. While 3D printing has been historically perceived as the static addition of build layers, 3D printing is now considered as a dynamic assembly process. Northwestern researchers have developed a new 3D printing process that executes full degree-of-freedom (DOF) transformation (translating, rotating, and scaling) of each individual building layer while utilizing continuous fabrication techniques. Transforming individual building layers within the sequential layered manufacturing process enables dynamic transformation of the 3D printed parts on-the-fly, eliminating the time-consuming redesign steps. Preserving the locality of the transformation to each layer further enables the discrete conformal transformation, allowing objects such as vascular scaffolds to be optimally fabricated to properly fit within specific patient anatomy obtained from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Finally, exploiting the freedom to control the orientation of each individual building layer, multimaterials, multiaxis 3D printing capability are further established for integrating functional modules made of dissimilar materials in 3D printed devices. This final capability is demonstrated through 3D printing a soft pneumatic gripper via heterogenous integration of rigid base and soft actuating limbs.

APPLICATIONS  

  • Direct manufacturing end-use products
  • Custom biomedical devices

ADVANTAGES  

  • Offers 6-degrees-of-freedom to fabricate complex 3D structures
  • Realizes on-the-fly free-form transformation of the 3D printed objects without altering the original digital model
  • Can manipulate each layer independently
  • Provides high customization
  • Creates multi-material devices and systems

PUBLICATION
Huang J, Ware H, Hai R, Shao G and Sun C (2021) Conformal Geometry and Multimaterial Additive Manufacturing through Freeform Transformation of Building Layers. Advanced Materials. 33: 2170082.

IP STATUS
Provision and PCT applications have been filed.

Patent Information: