Label-free Single-molecule Immunoassay Technique

Detection and quantification of low-abundance biomarkers is essential to early disease detection, monitoring and treatment. While many techniques, have been developed for measuring single molecules, all require signal amplification, via enzyme amplification, or fluorescence or gold nanoparticle probes, which come with their own unique drawbacks, including matrix effects, photobleaching and autofluorescence interference. This makes it impossible to achieve single molecule detection of biomarkers directly in undiluted complex sample matrices, particularly in whole blood.