Label-free Multimetric Measurement of Molecular Binding Kinetics

Molecular interactions play an important role in cellular functions and biotechnology including cell signaling, enzymatic reactions, early disease diagnoses, and drug screening. Label-free techniques serve as important tools for studying these processes due to their ability to provide real-time information on binding kinetics without affecting the structure and function of the sample molecules. However, most of these techniques rely on measuring refractive index or mass change on the sensor surface. Thus, small molecules or enzymatic processes that only induce minor mass change on the analyte are difficult to measure. It is these small molecule interactions, though, which are often extremely important, particularly for drug discovery.