Inventors at USF have devised systems for immobilizing target proteins, such as RCs, on the working electrode of an electrochemical device. The target protein can be immobilized using a linking protein that attaches the target protein to the electrode, either directly (physisorption or using functionalized proteins) or indirectly through another linker molecule (e.g., an oligomer molecule, conducting polymers, nanoparticles, or a DNA). This form of attachment facilitates charge transfer between the target protein and the electrode via the linker protein and can find numer-ous applications in both bio-PV and bio-sensing devices.
Schematic drawing illustrating an example of immobilization of a target protein using a molecular wire including a linker protein