This invention is a non-intrusive, highly accurate method to measure sweat rate without the need for direct skin contact. This approach uses 3D structured cavities with controlled diffusion dynamics to capture humidity resulting from sweat evaporation. The cavities consist of a staggered pillar structure seamlessly integrated into a well-established biosymbiotic wearable platform. Measurements are performed via commercial relative humidity sensors inside and outside the cavity, and robustness was demonstrated in a variety of experimental conditions with and without clothing. This contact-free sweat rate measurement system offers a versatile solution for monitoring and analyzing human perspiration in various environments and activities. Background: Current solutions for sweat rate measurement often involve invasive methods or devices that directly adhere to the skin, such as sweat patches. These methods can be intrusive, uncomfortable for users, and may influence the natural sweating process resulting in inaccurate measurements. This technology distinguishes itself by providing a contact-free alternative, ensuring more accurate and reliable measurements, free from the interference and discomfort associated with existing technologies. Applications:
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