This invention is a design of a spherical hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and ground vehicle that minimizes energy use while traversing extreme terrain both on the ground and in the air. The robot can roll over flat and uneven terrain and, when obstacles are too big or difficult to maneuver around efficiently, the robot can transition into an unmanned aerial vehicle to get around them.
Background: Exploration of unknown areas presents terrain that is unpredictable and weather and temperature conditions that can be extreme. Furthermore, energy consumption of drones and robots is a major concern for space exploration. The problem is navigating the terrain in the most energy efficient way possible with a vehicle that can collect information effectively.
The designs in this invention address those problems. The spherical cage allows the robot to roll on the ground over relatively flat terrain for up to an hour. The propellers on six axes allow the robot to produce the thrust to maneuver in any direction depending on the terrain. The propellers also allow the robot to take to the air to maneuver around extremely difficult terrain for up to 20 minutes. The combination of being able to roll and fly allows the robot to map out the most efficient route to its destination. This design can save more than 10 times the energy compared to other robots performing the same tasks.
Furthermore, the sensors and electronics can either be in a sealed box or outside the inner sphere in the center of the robot depending on the expected conditions. This allows for more versatility in planned missions. The added protection for electronics may also be necessary depending on the required equipment.
Energy is the driver of design, innovation, and expense. While designed primarily for space exploration, this robot could be used in agriculture, space flight, and defense. Covering large distances with complicated sensors is not always possible with a simple drone. This design provides a new solution to a drone-filled market concerned with energy consumption. Previous approaches to conserve energy have included modifying search patterns, mimicking biological locomotion, and slowing operation when possible.
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