3D Printed Biomimetic Blood Vessels

The process involves forming an initial inner layer of smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These cells are extruded with thrombin to form a gel. A second layer, made up of endothelial cells (iECs), is then created to form another gel. The resulting blood vessels are highly elastic and porous—critical features that enable proper blood flow and pressure regulation, as well as the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients to surrounding tissues. This innovative approach promises to advance the development of more effective and functional artificial blood vessels for a wide range of medical applications.

Figure 1. Illustration of 3D printing and creating the flexible multilayer blood vessel.

Advantages:

• Enhanced elasticity compared to traditional 3D printed methods
• Increased porosity leads to enhanced oxygen transfer to surrounding tissues
• Customizable to specific patient needs and vascular dimensions.
• Natural cell integration as it incorporates human stem cells for a more natural vessel structure and function.

Applications:

• Ideal for bypasses, aneurysms, arteriosclerosis, and other vascular conditions.
• Suitable for medical implants for patients with vascular diseases or those requiring long-term dialysis.
• Regenerative Medicine
• Research platform to study vascular diseases and test new treatments.
• Personalized Medicine that will allows customization of grafts for individual patient needs